Heavily influenced by Tibetan Buddhism and way of life, the monasteries of Ladakh transport you to a world of red robes, prayer wheels, thangka paintings, kangyurs, mural art, tantric elements and chortens. Following Vajrayana and Mahayana form of Buddhism, the monasteries which are also referred as gompas, have numerous deities such as Sakhyamuni, Guru Padmasambhava, Avalokiteshwara, Vajrapani, Tara and many others. While it is popularly believed that Tibetan Buddhism spread from Tibet to Ladakh, it is apparently the other way round. Buddhism took root in Ladakh during the times of Ashoka and then inspired people across Tibet, but slowly declined in India. With migration from Tibet around 9th and 10th centuries, Tibetan Buddhism spread back to the regions of Ladakh. Most of the monasteries in Ladakh were built around 16th and 17th centuries.
1. Hemis Monastery
Located across river Indus, on the cleft of a mountain is
the 17th century Hemis gompa, the largest monastic institution in
Ladakh. The monastery follows Drukpa sect under Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism and was built by Taktsang Repa, a
great Drukpa master with the support of King Sengge Namgyal. With colourful
entrance gates, wooden window frames and a large courtyard, the gompa has two
large assembly halls which are beautifully adorned with art work. The premise
also has a three storeyed tall shrine of Guru Padmasambhava. Hemis museum near the courtyard has a huge
collection of Buddhist artefacts, sculptures and various other displays. The
monastery is popular for Hemis festival dedicated to Padmasambhava which takes
place every year on the tenth day of the Tibetan lunar month (mostly falls
either during June or July). During the celebration, locals are dressed in their
traditional attire with headgears. The monks perform the Chaam, where they
dance wearing sacred masks accompanied by various musical instrumrnts. Hemis
monastery has more than 200 branch monasteries under it across the Himalayas which are home to more than thousand monks.
Location: 40 Kms from Leh via Leh- Manali highway.
Location: 40 Kms from Leh via Leh- Manali highway.
2. Stakna Monastery
Stakna is probably the most picturesquely located monastery
in Ladakh. Atop a hillock and along the Indus river, the monastery can be
spotted after Karu as you ride into Leh from Manali. The 16th
century monastery follows the Drukpa sect under Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism and its name literally translates to
Tiger’s nose. Though a small one, Stakna monastery has quiet surroundings with panoramic
vistas all around. The colourful interiors has wonderful art works on its
walls, a huge collection of Kangyurs and Thangka paintings.
Loaction: 24 Kms from Leh via Leh- Manali highway.
Loaction: 24 Kms from Leh via Leh- Manali highway.
3. Thiksey Monastery
The 15th century Thiksey monastery is a fairly
large one with numerous temples and is built similar to the Potala palace in
Lhasa. Spread over a hillock, the monastery belongs to the Gelugpa sect of
Buddhism (Yellow hat) and is home to more than 500 monks. Bright maroon colours
adorn the outer walls of the structures with prayer wheels and chortens in the courtyard. There are numerous halls
here dedicated to various deities and all have well maintained mural paintings
and other art work apart from ancient manuscripts. The main assembly hall has an old charm with
exquisite paintings on its walls and fragrance of incense sticks. It
also has an inner chamber with shrines of Padmasambhava, Maitreya etc. Of all
the temples in this monastery, shrine of the three storeyed beautiful Maitreya
known as Chamkhang is undoubtedly the big attraction here. Also referred as
future Buddha, Maitreya statue has wonderful works on it and is adorned with
art work on the walls. Tara temple dedicated to Tara Devi has 21 forms of the
goddess.The other attractions here are the Protector temple or Gonkhang which
has many tantric deities, and a shrine with silver stupas. The higher floors
offer nice views of the landscape.
Location: 18 Kms from Leh via Leh- Manali highway, near Shey Palace.
Location: 18 Kms from Leh via Leh- Manali highway, near Shey Palace.
4. Matho Monastery
Tucked away from the hustle of Leh, Matho monastery is located
across the Indus river. The brightly coloured monastery is a fairly large one
and is located atop a hill. The 15th century monastery is the only
one in Ladakh that follows Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism. It was built by a
monk, Dugpa Dorje and is known for its tarnished wall paintings and 14th
century thangkas. The Dukhang or the assembly hall has been recently re-built
and has colourful interiors and fresh art work on its walls. Matho monastery is
known for Oracle Matho Nagrang festival held here annually in the first month of the
Tibetan calendar.
Location: 22 Kms from Leh via Choglamsar.
Location: 22 Kms from Leh via Choglamsar.
5. Lamayuru Monastery
Lamayuru gompa is one of the oldest ones in Ladakh and is
believed to have been built by the monk Rinchen Zangpo and the Indian scholar
Naropa in the 11th century. The cave where Naropa meditated and the
oldest part of the monastery under the Dukhang are all in a dilapidated state. The monastery has numerous buildings and
shrines such as Main temple, Avalokiteshwara temple, Singay Lakhang etc. The
main temple has wonderful art works on its walls, carvings on its door frame
and a huge statue of Vairochan Buddha. The monastery also has numerous chortens
or stupas apart from prayer wheels. Lamayuru monastery has an ancient aura to
it and the weird landscape surrounding it accentuates its charm.
Location: 115 Kms via Leh- Kargil highway.
Location: 115 Kms via Leh- Kargil highway.
6. Alchi Choskhor
Along with Lamayuru, Alchi monastery is one of the oldest
monasteries in Ladakh and was built in the 11th century by Rinchen
Zangpo. Located across the Indus river off the Leh- Kargil highway, Alchi
Choskhor is a monastic complex with temples spread across the villages of
Alchi, Mangyu and Sumda Chun, and comes under the Archaelogical survey of India.
Alchi monastery probably has the most elaborate and exquisite art work amongst
all monasteries in the Himalayas. The monastic complex has a few major shrines
which are Dukhang, Sumtsek, Vairochana temple and Manjushri temple. Dukhang or the
main assembly hall has decorated cloisters with marvelous art work on its
walls. The passages of Dukhang have extensive mural art with scenes from
secular life and paitings of various mandalas which has deep tantric
interpretations. The three storeyed Sumtsek has beautiful wood work on its outer
facade apart from a well carved entrance door. The interiors are adorned with
magnificent mural art which has been well preserved over the centuries. It also
houses large figures of Bodhisattvas along with Avalokiteshwara, Maitreya and
Manjushri. Also known as Jampe Lakhang, Manjushri
temple has a beautifully carved entrance door with paintings on its ceiling. The
complex also has numerous chortens.
Location: 66 Kms from Leh via Leh- Kargil highway, near Saspol.
Location: 66 Kms from Leh via Leh- Kargil highway, near Saspol.
7. Likir Monastery
Relatively isolated from the highway, Likir monastery was
built in late 11th century by a monk, Duwang Chosje during the time
of the fifith king of Ladakh, Lhachaen Gyalpo. Nestled in a picturesque
location, the gompa follows Gelugpa sect of Buddhism. The main prayer hall is a
colourful one with wall paintings, thangkas and kangyurs apart from statues of
Sakyamuni, Maitreya and a few others. The monastery also has another assembly
hall which too has wonderful art work. On the way out from monastery is the
huge statue 75 feet high gilded gold statue of Maitreya.
Location: 54 Kms from Leh via Leh- Kaergil highway, near Saspol.
8. Spituk Monastery
Location: 54 Kms from Leh via Leh- Kaergil highway, near Saspol.
8. Spituk Monastery
Located close to Leh airfield, Spituk monastery was one of
the earliest monasteries to be built in Ladakh in the 11th century.
Though it belonged to the Red hat sect (Nyingma, Kagyu and Sakya), it later
came under the Yellow hat sect (Gelugpa) in the 15th century. Though
there are a couple of shrines here, the main attraction is the shrine of Tara Devi
which has 21 manifestations of the goddess and displays excellent work of art.
Next to the shrines and atop a hillock is the shrine dedicated to the tantric
deity, Vajra Bhairav. Beside this shrine is the protector room. The monastery
celebrates Gustor festival annually in the eleventh month of Tibetan calendar.
Location: 6 Kms from Leh, near the airport.
Location: 6 Kms from Leh, near the airport.
9. Basgo Monastery
Basgo was once the capital of the Namgyal rulers of Ladakh
and the monastery stands amidst the ruined fortifications. The 16th
century monastery has two shrines dedicated to Maitreya, the future Buddha-
Chamba Lakhang and Serzang Chamba temple. The interior walls of the temples
have magnificent frescos and large statues of the deity. While Maitreya in
Chamba Lakhang is made of clay and was built in the 16th century, the
other shrine has Maitreya made of copper and was completed in early 17th
century.
Location: 40 Kms from Leh via Leh- Kargil highway
Location: 40 Kms from Leh via Leh- Kargil highway
10. Phyang Monastery
Built in early 16th century, Phyang monastery is spread
over a hill and follows Kagyu sect of Buddhism.
It is popularly believed that the monastery was founded by king Tashi
Namgyal. Home to more than a hundred monks, the monastery’s old colourful
prayer hall has numerous art works on its walls. The premise also has a
protector room and an old museum which has a huge collection of displays. The new monastery is under construction
presently and would be open soon. Gang
Sngon Tsedup festival is held annually at Phyang monastery in the sixth month of
the Tibetan calendar.
Location: 19 Kms from Leh, off Leh- Kargil highway.
Travel Tips:
Location: 19 Kms from Leh, off Leh- Kargil highway.
Travel Tips:
- All these monasteries can be visited from Leh and can be covered over a couple of days.
- Some of the monasteries do provide accommodation to visitors. Do check in advance before you go.
- Photography is prohibited inside some monasteries like the one in Alchi. Please check with the authorities before you click photographs.
- Most of the mural works are many centuries old, please switch off the flash of your camera and be a responsible traveller.
The monasteries have a unique charm. Your pics and narrative are enthralling.
ReplyDeleteAbsolutely. Thank you.
DeleteLoved all pretty pictures.
ReplyDeleteNice too see you had a wonderful trip
Thank you, Chitra. Yeah, was a memorable one.
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