Ruled by Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyas, Marathas and various
other dynasties and kings over the years, Tamil Nadu in Southern India is home
to some of the most beautifully sculpted temples in the country. As much as
they are frequently visited by pilgrims and followers of Hinduism, these
temples also display spectacular carvings and sculptures which were chiseled
centuries ago. These give the visitors a peek into the world of temple
architecture and extensive stone work which have withstood time, war and
natural calamities over the years. Below are the 10 must visit temples in Tamil
Nadu which are popular among both pilgrims and travellers alike.
Ranganathaswamy,
Srirangam
Sprawling over 156 acres, Sri Ranganathaswamy temple is the largest functional Hindu temple
in the world. Located on the river island of Srirangam, which is carved out of
the rivers Cauvery and Kollidam, the temple is one of the prominent Vishnu
temples in India. As per Srirangam temple history, it was first built in the 3rd century CE and was rebuilt over the next many centuries until 17th century CE. Apart
from 21 spectacular entrance gates (gopurams), 9 temple ponds, 39 pavilions, 49
shrines of Vishnu and many halls, the expansive temple premise also houses
museums, roads, houses and commercial establishments. There are 7 decorated
colourful gopurams to pass through to reach the sanctum sanctorum, which has a
gold plated gopuram. Rajagpuram which faces south is the main entrance gate and
stands tall at 73 meters. Ranganathar, which is a form of Vishnu in a reclining
pose on a coiled serpent, is the main shrine here. The temple is built in
typical Dravidian temple architecture, and its halls such as Kili Mandapam,
Garuda Mandapam, Ranga Vilasa Mandapam and Shesharaya Mandapam are testimony to
this. A narrow stairs near Ranga Vilasa mandapam goes up to the roof and offers
lovely aerial views of all the gopurams. Margazhi (December- January) month is
when the temple hosts its major festival.
Brihadeeshwarar,
Thanjavur
Brihadeeshwarar
temple which is often called as the big temple, was built in the 11th
century during Chola reign by Rajaraja Chola I, and is presently a UNESCO World
Heritage site. The temple dedicated to Shiva is built in Dravidian style, and
emblazons the Chola art, design and architecture. Built inside fort Shivganga,
the temple has two extensively carved entrance gates with sculptures of
mythological characters. The sprawling courtyard house numerous shrines, but
what stands out is the intimidating main shrine which is a thirteen storeyed
structure with spectacular sculptures and an eighty tonne carved granite block
atop it. The chisel work is extensive and there are numerous inscriptions too
across the outer façade of the main shrine. The other shrines in the complex are
dedicated to Ganesha, Nataraja, Varaha, Chandikeshvara etc. The shrines of
Subrahmanya and Nandi have gorgeous sculptures and frescoes on them. A pillared
pathway runs across the courtyard which is an ideal place to relax and see the
sun set behind the main shrine in the evenings.
Adi Kumbeshwarar,
Kumbakonam
Kumbakonam is known for its numerous temples and Adi Kumbeshwarar is
considered to be one of the most prominent ones in this temple town. Built
before the 7th century CE during the rule of Chola dynasty, this
temple is believed to have been rebuilt and renovated over the years. Dedicated
to Kumbeshwarar, a form of Shiva, this popular temple has wonderful
mythological sculptures on its walls, ceiling and pillars. These can be spotted
on the hall that leads to the inner sanctum, which has numerous colourful
carvings and sculptures. The temple premise also houses Kandha Kumba Theertham,
the sacred temple pond.
Ramanathaswamy,
Rameshwaram
Dedicated to Shiva, the main shrine at Ramanathaswamy temple is believed to have been
consecrated by Rama (the protagonist in the epic Ramayana) upon his arrival
from Sri Lanka after defeating Ravana. The temple was renovated and expanded
during the rule of Pandya kings in the 12th century CE. This temple
is believed to be one of the 12 Jyotirlinga temples in India and has four large
entrance gates or gopurams. A major attraction at this temple is the thousand
pillared corridor which is the longest temple corridor in the country. The
colourful ceilings are another highlight here. There are 22 theerthams (holy
ponds) within the temple, where pilgrims get watered by priests before entering
the inner sanctum as it is considered auspicious.
Meenakshi Amman,
Madurai
The biggest attraction in Madurai is
undoubtedly Meenakshi Amman or Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple. The 7th
century temple built by the Pandya dynasty is located in the heartland of Tamil
Nadu. The temple has had many additions to it in the later years by various other
rulers. The four tall colourful entrance gates with extensive carvings are a
major attraction as one strolls around the tall walls of this popular temple. While
the temple is dedicated to Meenakshi, a form of Parvati, it also houses a
shrine dedicated to Shiva, in the form of Sundareshwarar. The temple
architecture stands out with its beautiful carvings and sculptures of various
gods, figurines and scenes from mythology on walls, ceilings, pillars and
gopurams. The temple is also known for its numerous halls with sculpted
pillars. Aayiram Kal mandapam (Thousand pillar hall), Kalyana sannidhi, Oonjal
mandapam and Kambathadi mandapam are some of the wonderfully sculpted halls within
the premises. The large temple pond is another highlight here. Meenakshi Amman
is one of the most colourful and vibrant temples in Tamil Nadu.
Jambukeshwarar,
Tiruchirappalli
One of the oldest and popular temples near Tiruchirappally in central
Tamil Nadu, Jambukeshwarar temple was built in the 2nd century CE by
the Chola kings. Located in the town of Thiruvanaikaval, the temple is
dedicated to both Shiva and his consort, Parvati. The temple is adorned with
colourful gopurams (entrance gates), tall walls and carved pillars. The
sculpted pillars are the highlight of this temple and they are present across
the premises with broad corridors running alongside. Apart from the main shrine
which has a shivlinga, the other major shrine here is Akhilandeshwari amman.
There are also a few other shrines within this temple.
Arunachaleshwar,
Tiruvannamalai
The second largest temple complex in
India, Arunchaleshwar temple is dedicated to Shiva, and has a beautiful setting
spread over 10 hectares. The gopurams (entrance gates) and walls of the temple stand tall in the
middle of the small town of Tiruvannamalai with Arunachaleshwar hill in the
backdrop. The temple was first built by the Chola dynasty and later rebuilt and
expanded during the rule of Vijayanagara empire. Though the gopurams are devoid
of colours, they have numerous carvings of various mythological characters. The
main entrance which faces east direction is the tallest at 217 feet. Here Shiva
is worshipped in the form of Agni (fire). The temple also houses numerous other
shrines, and a beautiful hall called Ayiram Kal Mandapam which has thousand carved
pillars. The major festival at this temple is Karthigai Deepam (November-
December) during which pilgrims circumnavigate the Arunachaleshwar hill.
Kailasanathar,
Kanchipuram
Built by Narasimhavarman II during the rule of Pallavas in the 8th
century CE, Kailasanthar temple has Dravidian temple architecture, and is
dedicated to Shiva. Though the sculptures have weathered over the years, the
temple still displays extensive carvings of various gods and mythological
figures all across its walls. While the main shrine has a shivlinga, there are
numerous other small shrines in the temple which are dedicated to Shiva. While
the base of the temple is made of granite, the interesting aspect is that every
other part of the temple is made from sandstone. Kanchipuram has numerous
temples, and this one lies tucked away in one of its alleys and doesn’t look
one bit ostentatious despite being the most prominent one.
Ekambareshwarar, Kanchipuram
Worshipped in the form of earth, Shiva is the presiding deity at
Ekambareshwarar temple. Sometimes referred as Ekambaranath temple, it was built
during the Chola reign in the 9th century. Though the main shrine
houses a shivlinga, there are numerous other shrines too, including a shrine
dedicated to Vishnu. The temple architecture is impressive with a magnificent eleven
storeyed main entrance gate called Rajagopuram, apart from beautiful carvings,
long pillared corridors, a thousand pillared hall and a large pond. Most of the
pillars and halls were built later when Kanchipuram was under the Vijayanagara
dynasty. Believed to be 3000 years old, an old mango tree inside the temple is
the location where Shiva and Kamakshi had supposedly got married, and is a
revered place for pilgrims visiting this temple.
Thillai Nataraja, Chidambaram
Dedicated to Shiva, Nartaraja temple
was built during the Chola period in the 11th century CE. With
extensive Chola sculptures and exquisite architecture, the colourful temple has
Shiva in a dancing pose as its main deity. The temple complex also has numerous
other sanctums, including that of a Vishnu shrine apart from pillared halls and
huge water tanks. The entrance door or gopuram stands tall and intimidating
with its colourful exterior and sculpted interiors. Intricate sculptures of
gods and mythological figures embellish the colourful gopuram. The sprawling
courtyard is known as Kanakasabhai, and the temple is known for its yearly
music and dance festival. Maha Kumbabhishekam is the annual festival that
brings the temple alive every year.
P.S.: This post is in collaboration with Srirangam Temple